Essay on Camus’ The Stranger (The Outsider) Meursault as...

Meursault as Metaphysical Rebel in The Stranger (The Outsider) The Stranger by Albert Camus was published in 1942. The setting of the novel is Algiers where Camus spent his youth in poverty. In many ways the main character, Meursault, is a typical Algerian youth. Like them, and like Camus himself, Meursault was in love with the sun and the sea. His life is devoted to appreciating physical sensations. He seems so devoid of emotion. Something in Meursaults character has appealed primarily to readers since the books publication. Is he an absurd anti-hero? Is he a moral monster? Is he a rebel against a conventional morality? Critics and readers alike have disputed a variety of approaches to Meursault. I believe he is the embryo†¦show more content†¦Camus describes in detail the street scenes yet never does Meursault become involved in them. Meursault is distant from the messiness of plans, ambitions, desires, hatreds, even love. Maries protestations of love only puzzle him. When she asks him if he wishes to marry her he agrees only because he sees no real reason to refuse. He helps in Raymonds nefarious schemes for equally bland reasons, and also because Raymond plies him with food, drink, and cigarettes. He is even distant from his own trial. It interests him because he has never seen a trial before. This easy-going, pleasant hedonism is interrupted permanently by Meursaults murder of the Arab on the beach. Not only is he incarcerated, but also he must examine the reality behind the illusion of his trial and, ultimately, of his life. Introspection has not been his metier. It takes him a while to realize that the judge, the jury, the journalists, even his own lawyer, do not wish him well. Meursault finally realizes that he is going to be convicted, not because he killed an Arab but because he did not mourn his mothers death. During the trial, conventional morality is satirized. The Public Prosecutors convoluted logic equates Meursaults lack of emotion of his mothers death to symbolic matricide and even to actual parricide. As foolish and bizarre as this reasoning is perhaps there is a kernel of truth to it. Meursault has neither parents nor children. He is without a past that he cares about, nor

Audi Swot Free Essays

Audi began Germany in 1932 , it was formed the merger of four different cartaker, In 1969 Volkswagen acquired the business in 2008 Audi delivered more than one million cars to customer. Today the business goes from strength to strength and manufacturers in many parts of the world including India. This is a manufacturer of very high quality cars tend to be highly engineered robust and priced at a premium level. We will write a custom essay sample on Audi Swot or any similar topic only for you Order Now STRENGTH Audi’s reputation is undoubtedly based upon a very strong brand. In fact the four rings of Audi is one of the most identifiable logos and images globally. The brand is very innovative and the range is continually developed and extended. Being a German technology product, obviously Audi has a reputation for operations management and its production approaches. The company manufactures in excess of 1 million autos a year. Interestingly, more than 1000 of these cars are Lamborghinis, Audi’s premium supercar brand. The company manufactures cars in the German cities of Ingolstadt and Neckarsulm. Audi is also renowned for technology, creativity and innovation. The business invests almost $3 billion every year in research and development for its new products. Historically, the company’s innovations are quite impressive – for example, Audi Quattro’s four-wheel-drive technology. New innovations include light emitting diode headlights (you may have seen them on the highway) and also MultiMedia Interface (MMI), which is a mash up of entertainment technology, navigation technology, and communication technology – including telephones as well as other innovations, which also improve passenger safety. Weaknesses One interesting problem for the business is that whilst it is a very large vehicle manufacturer, it doesn’t operate on the same huge scale as some of its close competitors, including Ford and Toyota. A simple revenue analysis based upon units produced shows that its competitors can make equivalent vehicles more cheaply, simply because of economies of scale. That is to say relative unit are relatively higher. Audi’s are German and its brand is associated with its national identity. Whilst in some ways this is a strength, others might view this as a particular issue. The brand is very dependent upon its European markets. It is relatively small in North America. Some of the sustained sales in Europe have to be due to environmental initiatives and incentives offered by European governments, and this won’t go on forever. The European market might also go into decline, simply because of the debt being experienced by large markets such as the Greece, Ireland and Spain. In common with some of its competitors including Toyota , Audi has also had to endure the embarrassment of product recalls. Especially for a brand which encompasses security and safety, this could potentially be damaging. In North America, there have been problems with gearboxes (transmissions) . Similar problems occurred in the South Korean market. Opportunities Without a doubt the new emerging markets of China and India are huge opportunities for Audi. New car sales are growing in both countries as consumers are getting wealthier and more discerning, they need status brands such as Audi. By 2015, the Indian car market is going to be huge, with estimated sales reaching more than $40 billion. In China figures indicate that sales will be in excess of 250,000 million vehicles in a similar period of time. Audi with its innovative history is obviously investing heavily in vehicles which are low emission and will be targeted at the greener car market. Hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) will become very popular in the large countries of the United States and China, whereby petrol stations will become slowly replaced by plug-in stations. So obviously the growth of environmentalism and the nature of global warming mean that consumers are calling for low emissions alternatives. Hopefully in the coming years, the global car market will begin to recover and car sales and production will increase. There are a number of drivers. Government programs which offer incentives to consumers to ditch their old gas guzzler to replace it with a modern hybrid car for example, mean an increase in sales. The problems associated with raising credit in Western nations will hopefully disappear and consumers will begin to take loans to finance their vehicle again. Audi has become a leaner business by increasing its profit per vehicle and reducing its inventory. Threats Like any business which operates in a global economic environment, Audi has to deal with local business environments. For example, regulations by local governments in relation to emissions or safety, or even strategic alliances with local companies in order to enter a market, such as China. All please add to the bottom line and reduce margins potentially. Trading in a global market means that the business is essentially exposed to commodity price fluctuations. Steel prices have been on a helter-skelter. Commodity prices vary, and it makes it difficult for Audi to keep costs steady. In the car industry, generally, the largest threat relates to the nature and level of competition in what is a mature industry. There are a number of similar brands including BMW and Mercedes. Car production globally tends to move where the high dependence on labour cannot impact its cost base, so over years to come more manufacturing will move to India and China, where costs of labour are lower. The German worker is comparatively expensive. How to cite Audi Swot, Papers

Reconciliation was the first goal set by President Essay Example For Students

Reconciliation was the first goal set by President Essay Richard M. Nixon. The Nation was painfully divided, with turbulence in the cities and war overseas. During his Presidency, Nixon succeeded in ending American fighting in Viet Nam and improving relations with the U.S.S.R. and China. But the Watergate scandal brought fresh divisions to the country and ultimately led to his resignation. His election in 1968 had climaxed a career unusual on two counts: his early success and his comeback after being defeated for President in 1960 and for Governor of California in 1962. Born in California in 1913, Nixon had a brilliant record at Whittier College and Duke University Law School before beginning the practice of law. In 1940, he married Patricia Ryan; they had two daughters, Patricia (Tricia) and Julie. During World War II, Nixon served as a Navy lieutenant commander in the Pacific. On leaving the service, he was elected to Congress from his California district. In 1950, he won a Senate seat. Two years later, General Eisenhower selected Nixon, age 39, to be his running mate. As Vice President, Nixon took on major duties in the Eisenhower Administration. Nominated for President by acclamation in 1960, he lost by a narrow margin to John F. Kennedy. In 1968, he again won his partys nomination, and went on to defeat Vice President Hubert H. Humphrey and third-party candidate George C. Wallace. His accomplishments while in office included revenue sharing, the end of the draft, new anticrime laws, and a broad environmental program. As he had promised, he appointed Justices of conservative philosophy to the Supreme Court. One of the most dramatic events of his first term occurred in 1969, when American astronauts made the first moon landing. Some of his most acclaimed achievements came in his quest for world stability. During visits in 1972 to Beijing and Moscow, he reduced tensions with China and the U.S.S.R. His summit meetings with Russian leader Leonid I. Brezhnev produced a treaty to limit strategic nuclear weapons. In Jan uary 1973, he announced an accord with North Viet Nam to end American involvement in Indochina. In 1974, his Secretary of State, Henry Kissinger, negotiated disengagement agreements between Israel and its opponents, Egypt and Syria. In his 1972 bid for office, Nixon defeated Democratic candidate George McGovern by one of the widest margins on record. Within a few months, his administration was embattled over the so-called Watergate scandal, stemming from a break-in at the offices of the Democratic National Committee during the 1972 campaign. The break-in was traced to officials of the Committee to Re-elect the President. A number of administration officials resigned; some were later convicted of offenses connected with efforts to cover up the affair. Nixon denied any personal involvement, but the courts forced him to yield tape recordings which indicated that he had, in fact, tried to divert the investigation. As a result of unrelated scandals in Maryland, Vice President Spiro T. Ag new resigned in 1973. Nixon nominated, and Congress approved, House Minority Leader Gerald R. Ford as Vice President. Faced with what seemed almost certain impeachment, Nixon announced on August 8, 1974, that he would resign the next day to begin that process of healing which is so desperately needed in America. In his last years, Nixon gained praise as an elder statesman. By the time of his death on April 22, 1994, he had written numerous books on his experiences in public life and on foreign policy.

Rear Window free essay sample

An analysis of the 1954 movie, Rear Window by Alfred Hitchcock. This paper introduces and discusses Hitchcocks movie Rear Window. Specifically it discusses how the film draws upon the aesthetic traditions of previous film movements, genres or national styles. It looks at the practice of voyeurism observation of other people and how this ties into the theme of the movie. Hitchcocks thriller Rear Window (1954) starred James Stewart and Grace Kelly, and tells the story of a photographer stuck in a wheelchair with a broken leg for several weeks. He cannot stand the boredom and lack of activity, so he begins watching his neighbors with some of his zoom lenses. He finds a neighbor who he believes is going to kill his wife, and tries to stop him, and save the woman. Using the story of a wheelchair-bound photographer (James Stewart) who passes the time recuperating from a broken leg by spying out his window into the apartments of his Greenwich Village neighbors, Hitchcock made a movie that both encourages voyeurism and shames it, that refuses to condemn it or applaud it (Taylor). We will write a custom essay sample on Rear Window or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Voyeurism is of course a main theme of the movie, but another theme is the inhumanity of Stewart (or anyone) to sit and spy on peoples personal moments, such as `Miss Lonleyhearts` dinner with an imaginary boyfriend who is not there. He also sees her attempt suicide, and although he does call the police, he does nothing else to help her. That is a commentary on our distance from our neighbors, and our distance from each other as human beings.

Chiquita Company

Chiquita Company Introduction The case of Chiquita Brands International illustrates the ethical violations that can be committed by companies operating in developing countries. In many instances, these organizations do not follow any norms of the corporate social responsibility. Nevertheless, the failure to comply with these principles can significantly tarnish the reputation of these businesses.Advertising We will write a custom case study sample on Chiquita Company specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Moreover, it can eventually lead to considerable financial losses. One should keep in mind that the senior managers of this corporation have long tried to conceal some of the unethical practices adopted by this enterprise. Nevertheless, there have been several scandals that attracted public attention to this firm. For instance, one should consider such issues as dangerous environmental practices and even cooperation with military groups such as the United Self-Defense Forces of Colombia. In turn, this paper is aimed at examining the violation of workers’ rights. In particular, much attention should be paid to the harsh working conditions in the plantations run by Chiquita Brands International. Apart from that, it is important to discuss the strategies that were supposed to prevent employees from unionizing. One should explore the main factors that contributed to this problem. Moreover, it is necessary to explain how the management can address these challenges. This task is necessary for ensuring the sustainability of modern businesses that can represent various industries. The root causes of the problems It is important to remember that in many cases, companies like Chiquita Brands International operate in the countries in which there is no rule of law. Admittedly, local governments can adopt various legislative acts that should ensure the proper work of businesses. For instance, one can refer to the laws that guarantee the ri ghts of workers. However, such rules are not always enforced. Moreover, foreign companies can easily bribe local officials (Emett, 2014). In turn, these officials disregarded the lack of safety practices that had to be adopted in the ships owned by Chiquita Brands International (Emett, 2014). Furthermore, journalists believe that the managers of this company tried to prevent workers from unionizing in a forcible way (Schotter Teagarden, 2015). In particular, this corporation relied on the right-wing militia that intimidated those employees who supported the work of trade unions (Emett, 2014). Additionally, in many cases, employees were exposed to dangerous chemicals that could have long-term effects on their health (Esty, 2009, p. 185). Overall, workers employed by this corporation did not receive any protection.Advertising Looking for case study on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Very often, th ey were left to their own devices (Emett, 2014). So, the management assumed that the company would not have to face any consequences. However, this assumption was completely flawed.  Moreover, the countries in which these businesses operate are affected by various military conflicts such as civil wars. To a large degree, this argument is relevant to Colombia that was affected by internal military conflicts and drugs. In turn, the managers of this company had to give money to such an organization as the United Self-Defense Forces of Colombia. To a large degree, this money was supposed to buy protection (Tricker, 2014, p. 375). It was later revealed that this group was involved in drug trafficking and kidnapping (Tricker, 2014, p. 375). Furthermore, Colombia was severely affected by unemployment, and people were looking for any jobs that could help them sustain themselves. Thus, the bargaining power of employees was not very strong. So, this situation can be partly explained by the legal and economic environment of many developing countries such as Colombia struggling with many internal problems. Nevertheless, more attention should be paid to the absence of ethical safeguards that can prevent business administrators from adopting unscrupulous practices. In particular, the senior managers of this organization believed that they would never be held accountable for such actions. Moreover, they did not attach much importance to such values as integrity and workers’ rights to dignity, decent wages, and safe labor. They did not focus on the needs of these employees because they were not protected by American laws. Furthermore, the managers could be driven by the desire to maximize the revenues of this corporation. Some of them could stick at nothing to achieve this objective. These issues should be identified because they are useful for explaining the underlying causes of such behavior. Very often, the ethical standards adopted by international companies are determined by the policies of local officials. Sometimes, they do not want to enforce the existing laws. In turn, the permissiveness of such governments is the main thing that attracts international companies from various advanced countries in which legislative norms are enforced more efficiently.  Admittedly, one can argue that Chiquita Brands International complied with the standards set by the government of Colombia. Moreover, the representatives of this corporation stated that other American firms had adopted the same practices (Kline, 2012).Advertising We will write a custom case study sample on Chiquita Company specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More However, it is not a sufficient excuse for violating the ethical norms. Apart from that, the senior executives of this company wanted to show that it acted as a responsible corporate citizen. Nevertheless, their policies did not live up to their rhetoric (Schotter Teagarden, 2015). It is one of the main details that should be taken into consideration. Additionally, the company incurred considerable losses. For instance, this company had to pay the fine that equaled $ 25 million (Schotter Teagarden, 2015). One should also keep in mind that the stocks of this corporation declined dramatically when the information about its practices was made public. In part, this outcome can be explained by the fact that many buyers can evaluate businesses in terms of their environmental practices and labor relations. Furthermore, some of them do not want to buy the products of companies violating the rights of workers in developing countries. As a rule, these buyers are more educated, and they are not very price-sensitive. It is one of the main trends that should not be overlooked by senior executives. They should not suppose that the absence of legal safeguards enables various malpractices that are not admissible in any advanced country. Such attitudes can have disastrous effect s on the work of businesses, at least in the long term. Preventive and corrective measures The senior executives of this company can use several strategies that can be helpful for addressing such problems. At first, they should consider preventive practices. In particular, one should mention the adoption of the ethical code that should be followed in every case, regardless of the legal environment in which a company operates. The provisions of this code should cover such aspects as HR practices adopted by the organization. For instance, there should be requirements for working conditions, minimal wages, and safety policies. Additionally, these provisions should explicitly prohibit any attempts to bribe local officials. Apart from that, senior managers should enforce the norms of this code. In some cases, this objective can be achieved by penalizing those business administrators who try to act in an unethical way. This argument can be relevant to those managers who disregard safety s tandards. Some of them hope that in this way, they can minimize operational costs.Advertising Looking for case study on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Sometimes, these managers can be dismissed. It is one of the policies that should be used by the senior executives of this corporation.  Nevertheless, more attention should be paid to the educational activities that can be useful for preventing possible dangers. For instance, every business administrator should be informed about the consequences of non-compliance with the ethical standards. At first, they need to keep in mind that such practices can profoundly influence the attitudes of many customers who are now more informed about the unethical practices of corporations. As a result, they may be unwilling to buy the products offered by the company. So, the profitability of the organization will be reduced. It is one of the dangers that should be avoided. The key issue is that the attempts to reduce operational costs at the expense of workers can undermine the performance of a company.  One should also consider the role of leaders who can play several roles. In particular, they can openly object to unscrupulous practices that can impact clients or employees (Maxwell, 2002). In many cases, these individuals should express opinions that can contradict the views held by the majority. For instance, these people can state that some cost-cutting initiatives are not permissible from an ethical perspective. Moreover, in some cases, they have to act like whistle-blowers who raise people’s awareness about unscrupulous business models. These professionals will ensure that the company is not involved in any corporate scandals. Admittedly, their actions can cause the discontent of those business administrators who are mostly concerned with the need to maximize revenues. However, their ethical responsibility is vital to the sustainability of firms working in developing countries.  Furthermore, one should mention certain corrective measures. In particular, the company should hire those workers who could be dismissed only because they disagreed with the policies of the company such as the blatant disregard of safety rules. Apart from that, business administrators should ensure that the health and lives of workers are not exposed to any threats while working on the plantations owned by Chiquita Brands International. Admittedly, this policy can lead to greater operational expenses. However, one should remember the cost of non-compliance can be much higher. To a large degree, Chiquita Brands International has already incurred considerable losses due to its unscrupulous practices. So, the management of this corporation should reject the unethical policies that were adopted previously. It is one of the details that should be taken into account. Discussion The analysis of this case can be of great use to many business administrators, especially if they work at the international level. They should remember that integrity and ethics are the essential prerequisites for the success of the organizations. Indeed, corporate social responsibility does n ot immediately contribute to the financial performance of businesses. It is not directly associated with the increased profitability of enterprises. Nevertheless, these principles are necessary for avoiding potential losses. Moreover, they are essential for attracting customers who focus on the ethical practices of businesses. They do not look only at the prices of products or their quality. This change can be partly explained by the fact that the development of the Internet has made information more accessible. So, buyers can learn more about the practices of businesses and unethical decisions that could be taken by the management. Conclusion The example of Chiquita Brands International suggests that international companies should single out the core ethical principles that should be followed in every case. They should not believe that the absence of proper legislation or poor functioning of the state enables businesses to neglect the rights of workers. Apart from that, one should not suppose that the public will never learn about the cooperation with corrupt policy-makers. In the long term, such policies can adversely impact the profitability of these businesses. In turn, one can also say that the adoption of higher ethical standards has several benefits. At first, this strategy can reduce the risk of fines that can be eventually imposed by the state. Furthermore, this approach is vital for securing the trust of customers. Finally, one should consider the inherent value of such policies. They can demonstrate that the actions of a person can live up to the rhetoric of senior executives. Chiquita Brands International can become more resilient to possible risks if it meets higher standards of the corporate social responsibility. So, the executives of this organization should change their attitudes towards the role of ethics that should not be regarded as a burden. More likely, it is a guide for reducing various risks. Reference List Emett, A. (2014). Blood and Bananas: Chiquita’s Deadly History of Drugs,  Corruption, and Cover-ups. Web. Esty, D. (2009). Green to Gold: How Smart Companies Use Environmental Strategy  to Innovate, Create Value, and Build Competitive Advantage. New York, NY: John Wiley Sons. Kline, H. (2012). Historical Dictionary of Colombia. New York, NY: Scarecrow Press. Maxwell, J. (2002). Leadership 101: What Every Leader Needs to Know. New York,  NY: Thomas Nelson Inc. Schotter, A., Teagarden, M. (2015). Blood Bananas: Chiquita in Colombia. Boston,  MA: Harvard Business Review. Tricker, B. (2014). Business Ethics: A Stakeholder, Governance and Risk Approach.  New York, NY: Routledge.

20 Synonyms for Ghost

20 Synonyms for Ghost 20 Synonyms for â€Å"Ghost† 20 Synonyms for â€Å"Ghost† By Mark Nichol Ghost conjures an image of a visual but incorporeal representation of a person, but not all ghosts are alike, and like ghost, most of its synonyms also have connotations that apply to the everyday, substantial world. Here are twenty of those terms, with references to their natural connotations as well as supernatural ones: 1. apparition: a ghostly figure, or a sight that is unexpected or unusual 2. bogey (or bogie or bogy): synonymous with phantom and spirit, but also something that prompts fear or dread; by extension, an unidentified aircraft, especially an enemy warplane (also the source of the term bogeyman often spelled boogeyman referring to a monster whose name is invoked by parents or other adults to frighten children into obedience 3. banshee: a female spirit whose appearance or wailing cry presages death 4. bogle: synonymous with specter (the word from which bogey and its variants were derived) 5. eidolon: synonymous with phantom, but also refers to an exemplar or ideal 6. familiar (or familiar spirit): a spirit that takes animal form and protects or serves a person, especially a witch (also refers to flesh-and-blood figures, including a companion or other well-known person or a person seen frequently in a specific place or in general, a household attendant for a important official, or somebody who knows a subject well 7. haunt (or hant): synonymous with ghost; also, a frequented location, or, as a verb, to visit or reappear or recur frequently, or to trouble, or to inhabit or visit (said of a ghost) 8. materialization: synonymous with apparition 9. phantasm (or fantasm): synonymous with specter; also, an illusion or product of the imagination, or a mental image of a physical object 10. phantom: synonymous with apparition, but other figurative senses include something that is elusive or that has no physical form, including a representation, or something that evokes dread 11. poltergeist: a noisy, mischievous ghost 12. shade: a spirit, or a fleeting or unreal appearance, in addition to the standard meanings associated with the obscuring of light 13. shadow: synonymous with apparition, in addition to literal and figurative senses regarding partial darkness 14. specter (or spectre): a visible ghost; also refers figuratively to some threat or imminent disturbance, such as the threat of famine or war 15. spirit: a ghost that may or may not be visible, or a being capable of possessing a person; also, an animating force, a supernatural being, or a characteristic quality or temper 16. spook: synonymous with specter, but also slang referring to a spy 17. sprite: synonymous with ghost, though more often synonymous with elf or fairy or used to refer to an elflike person 18. vision: a supernatural appearance, not necessary of a lifelike figure, that reveals something to the viewer, in addition to connotations associated with sight as well as imagination 19. visitant: a visitor from a spirit realm; also, a real-life visitor 20. wraith: synonymous with specter, but also has the sense of a representation of a living person that appears to another just before that person’s death; also, like shadow, refers to a remnant, either of a person or a thing Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the General category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:15 Terms for Those Who Tell the FutureThe Many Forms of the Verb TO BE20 Clipped Forms and Their Place (If Any) in Formal Writing

Rise of Civilizations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Rise of Civilizations - Essay Example The old world began to flourish with the Nile culture. It was around this time that the Egyptian began building sophisticated technologies and interactions with other cultures through trade important new techniques to Egypt. It is from this background that this paper seeks to inquire into the role of women in the rise of civilization in the old world in the Eastern and African civilization. An explosion of knowledge and the curiosity of adventure facilitated the revolution from the old world to the new world of civilization. In the pre-history of civilization, the role of women cannot be ignored. The first section of this paper inquires into the pre-historical times of North Africa and Europe and tracks the rise of civilization among the primitive humans. Egyptian civilization dominates discourse in early civilization as early as in the 4th century. The spread of this civilization to other parts of Africa, Asia and Europe through human contact saw the rapid increase in knowledge and sophisticated architectural advancement. The second part inquires into the emergence of new world characterized by a rampant technological advancement. Focus is narrowed to North America, Central America, the Caribbean and the South American. The Pre-European age and the role of women in the age is discussed in detail. ... 1). It is evident that political unification was a key played in shaping the cultural patterns of Egypt in the old kingdom. The entire period of Egyptian civilization was a systematic continuum of socio-cultural changes. A civilization is the starting point of any society. This has been the foundation of great societies like the Greeks and Romans. The rise of cities in North Africa as a feature of civilization is traced to cultivation activities along the Nile. The production of surplus food energized the people and expanded the population. Massive population growth led to the expansion of villages into cities along the villages of Tigris and Euphrates in the Middle East. The fertile land between the two rivers led to the development of powerful dynasties to control and protect this treasurer from intruders. Archaeological evidence shows piles of ruins in the valleys of Nile as the remains of opulent cities, well-organized social structures and political organization. From this archaeological evidence, it is clear that ancient civilization never began in the West. It originated in Africa, Southern Europe and Eastern Asia, as John G. Jackson writes. "Those piles of ruins which you see in that narrow valley watered by the Nile, are the remains of opulent cities the pride of the ancient kingdom of Ethiopia They are a people now forgotten. A race of men now rejected from society for their supple skin and frizzled hair" (Jackson, 1939). The position of women in ancient civilization varies in Egypt, Ethiopia, Sudan, Levant, Greek, Romans and Anatolia civilizations. The Egyptians are said to have treated their women better than any other civilization and this was prompted

Dangerous Driving Habits Personal Statement Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Dangerous Driving Habits - Personal Statement Example It was a usual maddening, Monday morning and at 8:45 a.m. the drivers driving their cars were getting impatient to reach office on time. Amy was particularly concerned since her office had a policy of cutting off sick leaves after the first two late comings of the month. Hurriedly she looked at her flip mobile phone, opened it and saw the time.8:46, it was time to freak out, she was left with less than fifteen minutes to park her car, take the long walk and punch her attendance card on time. Every minute counted and she realized that waiting on any of the signals would mean tat she will be certainly late. She sped at 40 MPH at an orange signal, which was about to turn red. Apparently, the drivers on the other side were equally desperate to reach destination and used the orange light and raced ahead. As a result, Amy’s car was standing bumper to bumper with another car, while the rest of the traffic jammed in behind her. The series of incidents lead to what we may see as a viol ation of most written traffic rules and ‘driving ethics’ if such a term has been coined, including violating signal, talking on the mobile phone while driving, honking, undertaking & tailgating. Amy heard what she had always heard from others â€Å"Women Drivers!† filled with venom. My question is did this happen because Amy was a woman? Or are other drivers equally prone to such mistakes? The answer is quite obvious. ... These include undertaking, speeding, and talking on the mobile and signal violations. The second type of offense is a violation of the 'driving code of ethics', for which no regulations have been made as yet. These include tailgating, honking unnecessarily, driving very slow on a highway or in the right lane, weaving from lane to lane, wrong indicators, jamming brakes instantly and orange signal rushes. These offenses tend to test the patience of other drivers and often lead to more than usual traffic violations due to impatience. In our example, it can be seen that Amy did not directly violate the written laws. However, it could have bee an accident where both parties though orange signal is a go ahead. Considering the above, I would conclude by stressing that traffic rules need to be updated to include offenses of the second type. These offenses can be significant as well and can cause the aggressee their peace of mind while not providing any benefits to the aggressors. Honking at certain hours for example at night or outside a hospital should lead to tickets. Likewise, orange signal violation should be taken to be a violation. In our case, this could have actually leaded to a head on collision. Other offenses include tailgating, which unnerves the other driver and reduces their patience levels. In the meanwhile, eating and checking time on mobiles can even be dangerous. Consider another case in which you are driving behind another car at a speed of 80 Km/ hour .All of a sudden, the car in front of you jams the brakes. This leads to a series of collisions where by the chain of cars following each other bang into each other. The generally accepted rule is, it is always the fault of the person behind you, if you get hit from the back.

The Dramatic Significance of Act 3.4 of Richard III Essay Example for Free

The Dramatic Significance of Act 3.4 of Richard III Essay Dramatic significance is used in several instances in the given extract from Act 3 Scene 4, for various purposes such as to reveal to us the true nature of Richard, foreshadow deaths and ill-fortunes in the upcoming scenes as well as develop themes that have appeared in previous scenes such as the theme of curses and prophesies. The use of diction in the first few lines contributes to the creation of dramatic significance to develop the theme of evil and the role of the supernatural in the play. Words which connote supernatural and evil powers such as devilish, damned and witchcraft are used by Richard as he accuses people of having cursed him and hence caused harm to his body, such as his arm which he describes as a blasted sapling withered up. Dramatic significance is also used to show irony here as Richard is portraying himself as a victim of their evil forces. However, in actual fact, Richard is the one who is evil and conspires against everyone, attempting to deceive and overthrow them. He is also the one who has most often been associated with hell and the devil by many characters in the previous acts of the play. For example, in Act 1 Scene 3 Margaret refers to Richard as The slave of nature and the son of hell!. The hard alliteration of the d sounds in damned, death and devilish also make him sound evil and cruel. As such, we are able to see through his false front and also realise how absurd his argument is as he is born with the deformities that he is accusing others inflicting upon him. In Act 1, he himself used the phrase rudely stamped to describe himself, which shows that he was born with deformities. Punctuation and diction in Hastings responses to Richard also has dramatic significance as it reveals to us his true feelings towards Richard and establishes the hidden conflict present between them. For example, when Hastings says The tender love I bear your grace, my lord, he exaggerates by the using of the word tender to describe his love and the fact that he places my lord at the end of the sentence, causing a pause in the line, suggests the lack of sincerity in his words. Also, the use of If in his next response to Richard gives us a clear hint of the split between them as it is evident that he doubts Richards words. Dramatic significance is also used to foreshadow the evil that is to come. For example, when Hastings says that whoever offends Richard deserved death, he is digging his own grave as he is unknowingly granting permission for Richard to have him executed. He is unaware that Richard would soon throw accusations on him and have him killed. Hence, Hastingss death is foreshadowed. Another instance where death is foreshadowed is at the end of the extract when Hastings says that England will experience fearfulst time to thee/That ever wretched age hath looked upon and that his executioners Lovell and Ratcliffe shortly shall be dead. This also highlights the theme of curses and prophesies as these curses and prophesies actually come to pass towards the end of the play when Richard and his allies get defeated. In many other cases, curses have been fulfilled but the receivers of the curses or bad omens are ignorant of them and hence are not cautious of the danger that they will face and are unable to avoid them. For example, when Hastings was ordered to be executed, he was angry with himself for having brushed away all the warnings that he got, and not having taken Margarets curses seriously. This is shown through the repetition of Margarets name when Hastings says O Margaret, Margaret and the despaired tone that is conveyed through the use of exclamation marks, commas and diction such as scorn, loathe and wretched. We see Hastings regretfully state the several warnings that he had received, such as the stumbling of his horse upon approaching the tower where traitors were taken to for execution, Stanleys dream of a boar attacking them, in Act 3 Scene 2, which he disregarded, as well as Margarets curse in Act 1 Scene 3 saying That none of you may live your natural age, /But by some unlookd accident cut off!. This is also dramatically significant as well as it creates a sense of pathos for Hastings and his unfortunate predicament. We feel sorry for him and understand his pain and anger as he could have avoided this misfortune from happening as he says, For I, too fond, might have prevented this!. Lastly the stage directions in the extract are relevant in creating dramatic significance to show Richards forceful nature and power to control the behaviour of the noblemen and rope in their support. Firstly, he shows how easily he can call for an execution of someone by saying Off with his head. Now by Saint Paul I/Swearlook that it be done, making it sound all religious and official. After which, he says, The rest that love me, rise and follow me almost as if he were threatening those who stay behind with the same ending as what he had just caused for Hastings. As a result, the stage directions in response to Richards ending line is Exeunt [all but] LOVELLE and RATCLIFFE, with the LORD HASTINGS, showing us that the rest do fear Richard, his power, and that they understand the danger of losing their lives. This is also felt by Hastings as he describes him as O bloody Richard!. Hence, dramatic significance has been used effectively in the given extract to help us readers better understand the play and the message and ideas that Shakespeare is trying to convey.

Conditions that Influenced Sino-Soviet Involvement in the Vietnam War :: Vietnam War Essays

Conditions that Influenced Sino-Soviet involvement in the Vietnam War In 1954 the Communists in North Vietnam reached a turning point in their history. The French defeat at Dien Bien Phu was a turning point in the history of this country. Free from the oppression of foreign countries the Communists of the DRV were freed to turn their attention to the task at hand; the infiltration and subjugation of South Vietnam. The influence that both China and the Soviet Union had on this fledgling government was substantial. Without the necessary material, logistics, and support the Communist victory in South Vietnam would never have come about. This paper looks to examine the motives that both the Chinese and Soviets had in their commitment to supporting the DRV in the Vietnam War. In dealing with the motives of both China and the Soviet Union it is also important to keep in mind the conditions of the world in this time period, 1950-1975. Both foreseen and unforeseen events would alter the respective policies of each country. In observing these events, this paper will take a chronological prose; history will be dealt with as it was made. In this style of analysis it is possible to shed some light on a seemingly confusing array of foreign policy's that even till today are hard to rationalize. China and the Soviet Union altered their obligation and support levels to North Vietnam according their policies and the history that those decisions produced. The United States will provide a backdrop to the Sino-Soviet involvement in Vietnam. This will provide insight into the relative positions that China and the Soviet Union took in North Vietnam. To both of these countries the United States represented 'the other side'. This is to say that the ideologies of both socialist countries depicted America as the opponent. In ideology this is true; capitalism was the precursor to a more egalitarian socialist society. This was to prove more so for the Chinese Communists, but that will be explained later. It is safe to say that both countries were able to rationalize their actions by telling the world they were defending one of their 'brothers' from an imperialist power. When making reference to the United States as the 'other side' it is crucial to remember that this analogy is only relative to the shifting relationship that each country would experience with the U.S. as the Vietnam War escalated.

Reseach Workoholics Essay

Is a 40-hour work week too much? Should there be a mandatory cap on the number of hours a person can work? Should there be changes in employment laws to give Americans more relaxation time? A workaholic definition is a noun a person who compulsively works hard and long hours. But the definition in a workaholics eyes is a person who â€Å"values work over any other activity†, according to careercast.com. Merriam-webster.com says it’s a â€Å"compulsive worker†Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ (Productivity) The reasons for someone to become a workaholic are some people don’t feel their lives are fulfilled unless they’re engaged in constructive activities. The more they work, the happier they are. It’s addictive. Where in the world can they be productive and reap the rewards of their labor but at their job? Workaholics can’t be idle. They need to be constantly working. Proving their value Children who were raised in dysfunctional families, or by perfectionist parents, and were made to feel like their best was never good enough can grow up to be workaholics. Spending their adult lives immersed in their work is a way for them to constantly prove themselves and their worth. Escaping problems and negative feelings another reason why people become workaholics is because they lack a sense of control in their lives. They have problems at home they can’t fix, or they don’t want to deal with, for example. Being at work all the time allows them to escape painful, negative feelings. It also gives them a sense of control they can’t find otherwise. Adrenaline rush working non-stop provides an adrenaline rush to some people. Being extremely busy, rushing to meet unrealistic goals, and pushing themselves beyond their limits gives them that intense feeling they crave. That same adrenaline rush- the increased heart rate, the burst of energy, the heightening of their senses- comes from roller coaster rides and other thrilling activities. In 1965, a U.S. Senate subcommittee predicted that as a result of increasing labor productivity from automation and â€Å"cybernation† in other words, the computer revolution. Americans would be working only about 20 hours a week by the year 2000, while taking seven weeks or more of vacation a year. By the mid-1970s, and especially after 1980, median wages weren’t keeping pace with increases in our capacity to produce. But flattening incomes didn’t derail the consumption train. Americans continued to buy more, in part by going deeper into debt, by having more members of the family enter the workforce and by working additional overtime. By the boom times of the late 1990s, Americans worked more than the notoriously workaholic Japanese. To answer the question of limiting the number of hours you can work I think we would have a happier and healthier society if we worked a little less. As of right now, some jobs require a lot of time and energy. Legalizing mandating the number of hours worked is an interesting idea. It would see a drop in stress levels, more family time and participation and healthier workers. This probably wouldn’t make too many people happy at first, though, and it would take some getting used to. It is a way to raise healthier families and having less levels of stress that are exhibited in really tough jobs, like ER doctors and nurses, and other highly stressful occupations. American work-life balance according to the Center for American Progress on the topic of work and family life balance, â€Å"in 1960, only 20 percent of mothers worked. Today, 70 percent of American children live in households where all adults are employed.† I don’t care who stays home and who works in terms of gender (work opportunity equality for all – it’s a family choice). Either way, when all adults are working (single or with a partner), that’s a huge hit to the American family and free-time in the American household. The U.S. is the ONLY country in the Americas without a national paid parental leave benefit. The average is over 12 weeks of paid leave anywhere other than Europe and over 20 weeks in Europe. Zero industrialized nations are without a mandatory option for new parents to take parental leave. That is, except for the United States. Let’s say someone make $60k/year. Excluding benefits, employee taxes, etc., let’s consider this equivalent to $30/hour. ($30/hour x 40 hours x 50 weeks = $60k). Now they want to figure out the hourly number that he/she use to decide if it’s worth it to do something. For example, if he/she owe a fine on something he/she don’t think they should owe, but it’s only a $5 fine, it’s not worth spending an hour ($30) to contest it. BUT, it’s not clear to me if he/she should use $30/hour for this number, because I’m only working 8 hours/day. Like, if someone is willing to pay me for 40 hours/week at $30/hour, presumably he/she could get one or two more such jobs. Or should she/he divide that by 3 to get $10/hour because really for every 24 hours, they’re only â€Å"able† to earn $30/hour for a third of them? Because some of these activities he/she would be doing in my off-hours (e.g., they’d have to dispute that fine after work). Or is it something in between?

Personality Essay

The terms Counseling and Psychotherapy are often used interchangeably. Though they have similar meanings with significant overlap, there are some significant peculiarities between the two that are useful to keep in mind when one is considering a mental health care provider. The paper below will further explore on those distinctions that exist between counselling and psychotherapy. According to The Royal College of Psychiatrists (2006), counselling is a type of rehabilitation that helps people speak out and resolve their problems and work through their emotional states.The Royal college of Psychiatrists defined a counsellor as an individual who employs â€Å"counselling† as a method to resolve people’s problems.Counselors guide clients to discover their own answers and support them through the actions they choose to take. According to COSCA (2004), psychotherapy, just like counseling, is centered on a healing relationship between health care practitioner and a client. Psychotherapy takes place over a chain of meetings, though frequently it lasts longer than counseling. Some people participate in therapy off and on over several years. Instead of tapering in on individual problems, psychotherapy reflects complete patterns, long-lasting issues, and recurring feelings. This requires an openness to exploring the past and its impact on the present. The main aim of psychotherapy is to resolve the fundamental issues which fuel ongoing grievances. Psychotherapists assist to resolve past experiences as part of laying the base for a satisfying future. Arbuckle (1967), argues that â€Å"†¦counselling and psychotherapy are in all essential respects equal† One of the most noticeable thing that must be considered concerning the similarities between counselling and psychotherapy is that the classes of issues that pull people to use counselling and psychotherapy are often very alike and the aims of both are similar, both counselling and psychotherapy can be seen as efforts to allow the person to build up resources to live in more healthy, meaningful and satisfying ways, and to develop selfawareness. Also a high degree of respect for the independence/autonomy of the client is a basic code in both counselling and Psychotherapy. With an understanding that the clients bring with them the potential needed to successfully achieve their aims. (COSCA, 2004) Another similarity that was stated by COSCA is that both counselling and psychotherapy require the therapist to have highly developed skills. COSCA portrays that counsellors and psychotherapists go throughlong training, often lasting several years and their work is continuously supervised by  another practitioner/expert who assist them to process and reflect on the matters of worry to their clients (2004: 2). Nevertheless it has been considered that different routes involve considerably different levels of difficulty and length of training and supervision. Counselling and psychotherapy are both methods of responding to a wide range of human needs accordingly associated with what sometimes called difficulties in living and deeply felt need to make vicissitudes in one’s life. Both counselling and psychotherapy provide possibilities for those seeking help to find their own ways towards living in more satisfying and resourceful ways(Arbuckle 1967).Among the issues they deal or treat are self-confidence or self-esteem, relationship difficulties, work related stress, bullying, problems of drinking, bereavement, mental problems, vague feelings and desire for personal change. Another area of similarity is that both counselling and psychotherapy may involve vibrant treaties between the therapist and the client as to what the aims of the therapy are and the roles involved. Some of these have been summarized by Professor Paul S Morgan-Ayres of Fellow Counselling and Psychotherapy Society (FCPS) as: 1. â€Å"An Assessment to ascertain whether the therapist can help you / have a good chance of helping you. 2. That the therapist does not lead you to believe in some sort of magic cure and that you realize that they are there to help you change yourself. 3. That you have explained to you what is proposed before the therapy commences so that you are giving informed consent to the therapy. 4. That any person under 16 years has a parent’s permission and signature. 5. That confidentiality is discussed and the therapist’s position is made clear. 6. That the therapist is registered, insured and monitored † Psychotherapy and counselling despite of their similarities they do also have differences, one of the differences between psychotherapy and counselling that is often quoted is that psychotherapy involves working in greater depth than counselling, that clients see their  psychotherapist more frequently and for a long period of time. By contrast counselling takes place over a shorter period of time. The counsellor sees his or her clients for a short time. Psychotherapy is about ‘deconstruction, and ‘reconstruction’ of the client’s self-concept, a process likely to be lengthy and at a greater depth than counselling might explore. Furthermore psychotherapy deals more with deeper, long term problems and counselling with more situational and shorter term issues, therefore clients do not go to these different fields for exactly the same specific reasons because of the same general motivation. Taking it a step further one can note that different varieties have often quite different aims. Gestalt therapy for example: â€Å"seeks to promote a person’s awareness, support creative choice and encourage responsibility in a person’s effort to realize a meaningful and fulfilling life† This appears to be a more wide ranging and deeper aim than that of counselling which is â€Å" Help the person focus on ways to manage their difficulties a little or a lot better † This relates to the point considered before that counselling is more focused on situational problems, and therefore its aims are likely to be more limited than psychotherapy. Professor Paul S Morgan-Ayres (FCPS) argued that counselling is more suitable to clients who are more open to speaking while psychotherapyis suitable for those who find it difficult to open up, hence the psychotherapisttakes a more active role in guiding them. He further notes, asthe client turn out to be more able and used to speaking, the procedure may change in to a more clientcentred approach. Counselling, according to Morgan-Ayers, ‘is a process in which the therapist is there as a ‘tour guide’ for the client, refocusing them in aprocess that they are otherwise quite good at exploring themselves. Therefore the ‘counsellor speaks very little and gives the client plenty of space to offloadand talk themselves into self-knowledge’. Another difference is that the pathology of a person is the primary focus of psychotherapy whereas counselling mainly focuses on personal strengths and  resources. Psychotherapy conceptualizes the client as an individual with problems in psychological functions that problems like stress, anger management problems, unhappiness, relation problems and selfesteem problems. However counseling conceptualizes the client as a person in a social  context who needs urgent and brief treatment and the problem are treatable that is why past experiences are of less use during counseling. According to a paper by Ivory research, (2009), the setting of the treatment is also thought to be different between counselling and psychotherapy. A counselling session often takes place in a number of non-medical settings such as an office or small therapy centre, or even in the therapists’ residents, whereas psychotherapy is often thought as taking place in a more medical setting, perhaps a clinic or hospital. Again this is not so clear cut, as counselling increases in respectability it can also be found in hospital settings, and psychotherapy can also take place in settings like the therapist home. Another major difference can be drawn from the history of both psychotherapy and counselling. Psychotherapy has its origins in Freudian’s psychodynamics. The training period was also normally long, and involved working with real clients under supervision and consists of a long period of self-analysis both in working with clients and the analysis of the psychotherapist themselves which focused mostly on comprehensive regards in past issues. Nevertheless counselling was seen as something that can be done after a shorter period of preparation and less thorough self-analysis. In conclusion, it can be argued that both counselling and psychotherapy’s main objective, despite their differences, is to offer the clienta stable platform in which to explore personal difficulties and also the role of the psychotherapist and counsellor is to guide clients to discover their own answers and support them through the actions they choose to take. References: Arbuckle, D. S. (1967). Counselling and Psychotherapy: An Overview. New York: McGraw Hill. Bayne,R., Bimrose, J. and Horton, I. (eds) (1996). New Directions in Counselling. New York: Routledge British Confederation of Psychotherapists (1999). found at Internet URL: http://www.psychoanalysis.org.uk/bcp.htm Accessed: 15/03/2014 Chriss, J. (1999). Counselling and the Therapeutic State. New York: Aldine De Gruyter COSCA (2004). Counselling and Psychotherapy: COSCA’s Description Stirling: Cosca Ivory Research, (2014). Found at internet: http://www.ivoryresearch.com/samples/socialwork-essay-example-differences-and-similarities-between-counselling-and-psychotherapy/ Morgan-AyresP.Prof.,found-at-Internet:URL:http://www.hpnoanalysis.co.uk/psychotherapyanalysis-counselling.htm.Accessed:15/03/2014 Sutton, J and Stewart, W. (2008). Learning to Counsel. 3rd Edition Oxford: How To Books.

How to Compare and Contrast in an Essay on Information Technology

How to Compare and Contrast in an Essay on Information Technology At this point, you’re well informed on various aspects of information technology and how it can help academics, as well as the problems of implementing it. In the first part of our guide, 12 IT facts from an academic perspective for a compare-and-contrast essay, you got to know some interesting facts. The second part 20 topics on IT in the Academic Perspective for a compare-and-contrast essay gave you ideas with one sample paper to understand it better. In the last part of our guide, we’re going to show you how to write a compare-and-contrast essay. Once you’ve gone through all three guides, you’ll be better equipped to deal with what role IT plays in academic institutions. These essays are very specific; the professor or teacher who assigned you a compare-and- contrast essay would have also given you an assignment sheet that has all the mandatory rules and regulations, while outlining general expectations. Let’s look at some key points: Comparative essays show similarities and differences.ÂÆ' A contrast essay on the other hand, shows only the differences.ÂÆ' Your comparison or contrast essay should establish a specific point or serve a unique purpose. Through these essays, you can remove confusions and refute things that are a subject of confusion. You can create new ways of doing something, while providing fresh insights and sharper focus. You can go with providing more positive points to be compared or contrasted, though how you manage the flow of the essay and how your thoughts skew is entirely up to you.ÂÆ' In the thesis part of the essay, where you tell your readers what this essay is all about, you can tell them whether you want to compare, contrast or do both. That’s your choice.ÂÆ' When it comes to comparing and contrasting, you should ideally do it on same parameters. For example, if you’re talking about financial benefits of point A, you should compare to financial benefits of point B. However, the number of benefits discussed need not be same.ÂÆ' You can choose to go with a block, compare and then contrast or a point-by-point approach, when structuring your essay.ÂÆ' If you keep some connective-words in your mind, it will be easier for you to keep track of the subject youre discussing, comparing or contrasting. These words also make it easier for your readers to better understand the point being discussed.ÂÆ' If it’s ‘comparison’ you’re focusing on, you can use connective words such as â€Å"correspondingly†. In addition, also use ‘compared to’, ‘similarly’, ‘as well as’, ‘just as’, ‘at the same time’, ‘same as’, or ‘likewise’.ÂÆ' If it’s ‘contrast’ then you can use connective words such as ‘on the contrary’, ‘however’, ‘ÂÆ'on the other handÂÆ'’, ‘even though’, ‘ÂÆ'in contrast’, ‘unlike’, ‘although’, ‘meanwhile’, and ‘conversely’. ÂÆ' So there you have it. This marks the end of the third part of our guide. We hope this will help you create a great  essay in college or university.

Causes and Effects of Gravity

Causes and Effects of Gravity Ahmed Emad Hassab Elnabi Gravitational Force â€Å"’You may hate gravity, but gravity doesn’t care.’ Clayton Christensen†. This Harvard teacher was directing this quotation to students like me because it is a force that cannot be viewed. Gravity is a field force exerted by an object to attract another object towards its center. In a simplified manner, it is an intangible, non-contact force that cannot be seen, but is existent between all objects. Gravitational force in a mathematical perspective is the mass of an object multiplied by gravitational acceleration. It is one of the fundamental forces of the universe that maintains planets, solar systems and galaxies. In the last couple of centuries, gravity became understood through Galileo, Brahe, Kepler, Newton and Einstein. Before the last 300 years, some only superficially understood gravity and others neglected the concept of having a field. In ancient times, civilizations believed that the skies and systems were held by divine power. Over they years, loads of scientists and philosophers tried to explain such a ‘magical’ phenomenon. In 1610, Galileo created a modern telescope. He used it to observe different planets’ behaviors. He focused on Earth and Venus; consequently he realized that they both revolve around the sun in a similar pattern. Therefore, he concluded that there’s a force that causes this spectacle. In the same time existed Kepler and Brahe. Kepler used Brahe’s astronomical data to conclude that planets revolve around the sun in an elliptical motion and that Earth has the same orbits around the sun; thus, he discovered that gravity creates seasons. Then, came the father of physics and creator of laws of motion, Isaac Newton. He was one of the first to explain the theory of mutual interaction, through his law of Universal Gravitation. It states that any and every two bodies in the universe attract each other with a force directly p roportional to their masses and inversely proportion to the square of the distance between them. Thus objects like Newton’s apple is pulled to the earth and vice versa; the earth and planets are pulled towards the sun and vice versa. Finally, Albert Einstein, who is the most renounced genius, proposed a new theory. He said that gravity is the result of space and time being bent, general theory of relativity. He also theorized that enormous masses alter space and time because they deflect light, thus creating gravity. Skeptics denounced his theory, but time proved this theory right when astronauts went to space and found out that a clock is quicker away from earth. There are many misconceptions about gravity because there are many different explanations to it. First, people think that gravitational force doesn’t exist between humans, but it does exist between every object in the universe. However, the gravitational pull by earth is much stronger than the force exerted b y humans because of its huge mass. Second, some thinks that gravity occurs through a mixture of gases, the air. However, gravity occurs between planets and suns, where there is no air, vacuum. Third some think that gravitational acceleration (a=f/m) in free-fall decreases because of the force of gravity of other objects. However, air pressure causes this occurrence but gravitational acceleration is constant at 9.81 m/s. Fourth, people claim that we are supposed to be pulled to mars or the moon also. On the other hand, they don’t take into consideration the factor of distance and that earth is we are too far from the moon or mars. Fifth, some say that there is no gravitational force between Pluto and Earth. This is not true because gravitational force exists between all the objects in the universe. No matter how minute it can be, it is never zero. Sixth, a person might claim that his mass changes on the moon, but mass is constant; it is weight that changes depending on the gra vitational pull. Seventh, one would think that we must be pulled to the Earth’s core since that is stated in Newton’s law of universal gravity. However, Newton also said in his third law that the Earth’s floor has an equal and opposing force to the gravitational force. Finally, one could claim that there is no gravitational force exerted on bacteria since they float. This statement is false because its mass is insignificant, gravitational force exerted by Earth on them is very small that it seemingly doesn’t affect them.

Intellectual Property - Trade Marks - UK Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5000 words

Intellectual Property - Trade Marks - UK - Essay Example The four main types of IP are: patents for inventions - new and improved products and processes that are capable of industrial application; trade marks for brand identity - of goods and services allowing distinctions to be made between different traders; designs for product appearance - of the whole or a part of a product resulting from the features of, in particular, the lines, contours, colors, shape, texture or materials of the product itself or its ornamentation and, copyright for material - literary and artistic material, music, films, sound recordings and broadcasts, including software and multimedia .In this paper we concentrate on trade marks IPs which are associated with the trade of goods and services and ,in particular, to those that arise in the international trade of goods and services. The WTO Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) TRIPS, was signed on January 1, 1995.The agreement provides for floor standards for the protection of defined intellectual property types and the enforcement of associated intellectual property rights.TRIPS,in turn ,was the outcome of the synthesis of deliberations of two earlier international conventions: (1) the Paris Convention for the Protection of Industrial Property (Paris Convention) and (2) the Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works (Berne Convention). Paris Convention Article 1(3) defined industrial property to include "all manufactured or natural products, for example, wines, grain, tobacco leaf, fruit, cattle, minerals, mineral waters, beer, flowers, and flour." Paris Convention Article 1(2) further provided that the protection afforded to industrial property included "indications of source or appellations of origin." Thus the adoption of the TRIPS Agreement hera lded an important development for the global recognition of geographical indications. However, significant controversies continued to hover on discussions of this issue, as and when they took place, either at the WTO and other platforms of international trade. For instance, there were and are substantial differences of opinions about the manners in which registration of geographical indications under article 23.4 would finally be implemented and recognized. Take, for instance, the case of quite a few developed and developing countries who desire to extend special protection which was available only to wines and spirits to other products. In short such countries are pressing hard for special protection list to be expanded substantially. On issues of public health discussions on geographical indications resulted in a clear North-South divide. However, on issues of industrial products and food products the reaction has been divergent on very many important issues. Both developed and de veloping countries alike- maintain quite differing positions on such matters. This clearly shows that all such countries view differently the economic impacts of the system of geographical i

Law of european union Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Law of european union - Essay Example Consequently, the European Parliament has gained sufficient power to be equal in power, with the European Council. The latter consists of representatives from the Member States2. The Amsterdam Treaty of 1993, served to further increase the power of the EP, in respect of its decision – making process. These reforms were initiated, in order to address democratic deficit in the law – making procedures of the European Commission. In 1993, the Maastricht Treaty was adopted, in the meeting of the Intergovernmental Conference. This Treaty is also known as the Treaty on European Union. It introduced the complex co – decision procedure and provided the right of veto to the European Parliament, which it can exercise, under certain circumstances3. In the 1996-1997 round of the Intergovernmental Conference, the issue of democratic deficit was once again taken up for discussion and it was decided to make efforts to address it. This meeting resulted in widespread reforms to various aspects of the European Community, and the role of the European Parliament was also discussed in this meeting. Moreover, these changes supplanted the decisions taken under the cooperation procedure, with the new and simplified system of co-decision procedure4. The European Parliament can now determine the drafting of EU budget and statutes. The EP has enacted the legislation relating to the free movement of persons, goods, services and capital within the EU. It has also acquired the power to enact laws that protect the environment and consumers. Furthermore, the European Parliament is empowered to approve or dismiss the European Commission5. Subsequent to the first direct elections in 1979, the European Parliament took up the onerous task of institutional reform. The purpose behind this initiative was to realise the dream of the founding members of the ECSC and the EEC. These founders had aimed at establishing an international entity that would truly

Food Legislation is an Effective Way to Protect Public Health Discuss Essay

Food Legislation is an Effective Way to Protect Public Health Discuss - Essay Example Childhood obesity is growing concern amongst the other public health issues. Research shows that obesity is responsible for several other ailments and disorders such as diabetes, cardio vascular diseases and heart attacks. Hence controlling obesity from the very early years is an important thing to be ensured by the government of a nation. Obesity is spreading fast as a symptom of health crisis. It is a significant problem for mostly the developed nations but the developing countries are also catching up. Three of the G20 countries have an obesity rate above 30 percent. These are United States with 46.5 percent of its inhabitants suffering form obesity, Argentina with 37.6 percent and Mexico with 35.5 percent. Across the world above one billion adult populace are obese and the obesity rates have risen three fold or beyond in areas of North America, East Europe and the Middle East mainly due to lack of proper nutrients and reduced level of physical activities. Seven among the G20 nati ons have obesity rates lying above 25 percent. These comprise Saudi Arabia (29.7 %), â€Å"Australia (28.8 %), Canada (25.6%) and the United Kingdom (25%)† (The Globalist, 2010) In 2008, the BMI benchmarks were reviewed in England and following this revision, obesity amongst 2-15 years old children increased from 11 to 17 percent for boys and from 12 to 15 percent amongst girls (19). The 5-DAY program in UK has been proven to be an effective preventative way of improving both diet and nutrition amongst the population. Amongst those who follow this 5-DAY program, women (29 percent) comprised a greater share than men (25 percent). The survey also revealed that consumption increased in proportion to age. The group taken between 16 to 24 years of age comprised of 18 percent men and 21 percent women consuming the 5 portions intake of fruits and vegetables while the percentage for men and women are 32 and 36 percent respectively for the age group ranging from 55 to 64 years. Consid ering children aged between 5 to 15 years, one in five boys and girls were able to meet the government’s prescribed goal for consumption of a minimum of five serving size of fruits and vegetables. Fresh fruits were more commonly taken in these portions. The consumption of fruits was observed to decrease with increase in age (Craig, Mindell and Hirani, 2008, p.19). Now, obesity, especially in children is a problem, which needs to be controlled solely through a proper diet. Inclination towards fast food at the individual and the family level has mostly resulted in this problem. Often it has been observed that obesity, which develops in the childhood, tends to continue throughout life unless the eating habit and monitored at this stage. This makes childhood obesity an issue to be dealt with the help of regulation on food covering various aspects. Childhood obesity Over the past 30 years, the occurrence of plump children is identified as those having a body mass index (BMI) more than the 85th percentile for age and gender have tripled. Above 30 per cent of toddlers in the United States are plump or obese (BMI > 95th percentile). Childhood plumpness results from a malfunction of the body’s self-dictatorial system to adapt to environmental controls characteristic of the person’s genetic backdrop. Various aspects in the process of the multifaceted

Oscar Chess v Williams, the facts, reasoning and appeal

Oscar Chess v Williams, the facts, reasoning and appeal Oscar Chess Ltd v Williams [1957] 1 ALL ER 325 What were the material facts of the case and the legal issues on which the appeal was based? In June 1955, the defendant sold to the plaintiff, who were motor dealers, a second-hand Morris motor car for  £290, this sum being credited to the defendant on the purchase of a new car through the dealers. The car sold to the dealers had been obtained by the defendant’s mother in 1954 under a hire-purchase contract, and was shown in the registration book to have been first registered in 1948. There had been five changes of ownership between 1948 and 1954. The defendant, who honestly believed that the car was a 1948 model, described it as such to the salesman who acted for the plaintiffs in the matter and showed the salesman the registration book. The salesman, who had frequently been given lifts in the car, also believed that it was a 1948 model, and the purchase price of  £290 was calculated on this basis. In January 1956, the plaintiffs sent the chassis and engine numbers of the car to the manufacturers and were informed by them that the car was a 1939 model. If the pl aintiffs had known at the time of the purchase that the car was a 1939 model, they would have paid only  £175 for it. In an action brought by them against the defendant eight months after the sale the plaintiffs claimed the sum of  £115 as damages for breach of warranty, either on the basis that it had been a condition,[1] i.e. an essential term, of the contract that the car was a 1948 model or that there had been a collateral warranty that it was. The judge at trial awarded the plaintiffs  £115 in damages based on his finding that the defendant had breached an essential term of the contract, i.e. a condition, that the Morris car was a 1948 model. Consequently, the trial judge did not go on to consider the alternative claim on a warranty. Upon appeal by the defendant, the crucial issue for the Court of Appeal was whether the defendant’s statement that the car was a 1948 model was a binding promise (i.e. a contractual term) or only an innocent misrepresentation. If it was an innocent misrepresentation, the respondent would not be entitled to any remedy. What was the reasoning behind the trial judge’s decision to award damages to the plaintiffs? At trial, the plaintiffs claimed the sum of  £115 in damages from the defendant, representing the difference in value between a 1939 Morris car and a 1948 Morris car. The evidence submitted at trial to determine whether the defendant gave a binding promise to the salesman that the car was made in 1948 was limited. During examination-in-chief, the salesman stated: â€Å"He offered me a 1948 10 hp Morris in part exchange. He produced the registration book.† In cross-examination, he said: â€Å"I had often had lifts in the defendant’s car. I thought it looked like a 1948 model. I checked up in the registration book.† The salesman’s evidence was accepted, aided by the fact that the defendant did not go into the witness-box to contradict it. On those facts alone, counsel for the plaintiffs submitted that the defendant’s representation that the car was a 1948 model was an essential term of the contract, i.e. a condition. The trial judge agreed with this and stated that defendant had promised that the car was a 1948 car and that there was a breach of this promise. He said that the allowance of  £290 was made by the salesman â€Å"on the assumption that the Morris was a 1948 model†, and that â€Å"†¦this assumption was fundamental to the contract, a condition which, if not satisfied, would have caused him to rescind the contract if he had known it to be unsatisfied before the property in the Morris car passed to his principles.† In short, one of the terms of the deal was that the car was guaranteed to be a 1948 model. Breach of this promise would entitle the dealer to damages. Based on this finding, the trial judge awarded  £115 in damages to the plaintiffs. Why did the Court of Appeal overrule the trial judge’s decision and what was the difference in approach adopted by the Court of Appeal? The Court of Appeal refused to get bogged down in a technical differential analysis of the legal definitions of â€Å"condition† and â€Å"warranty†, as the trial judge had done, because it was far too late for the buyer to reject the car. He could only claim damages at best. Indeed, in the Court’s leading judgment, Denning LJ stated that the trial judge was so concerned with the legal definitions of â€Å"condition† and â€Å"warranty† that he failed to address the crucial issue of whether the defendant’s statement was a term of the contract at all. To get damages, it was necessary to show that the description of the car was a promise or term of the contract. Denning LJ used slightly different language. He used the word warranty but he explained that he was not using the word in its technical legal sense but, instead, was using it in its popular sense as one word to describe a promise. As he pointed out, the crucial question in this case was : was it a binding promise [i.e. a term of the contract] or only an innocent misrepresentation? If it was only an innocent misrepresentation, then the dealer would not be entitled to any remedy in the circumstances of this case. This then leads to the question: how do you know if it was a promise? Denning LJ stated that whether the appellant’s statement was intended to be a promise (i.e. a contractual term) could only be addressed by taking into account all the evidence of the case and the conduct of the parties throughout their dealings.[2] He went on to state that the objective test for determining a promise is by applying the standard of the ‘intelligent bystander’ and, based on this test, he concluded that the statement by the appellant as to the age of the car was not intended as a promise. After all, given that the appellant only became the owner after several changes in ownership, he must have been relying on what was stated in the registration book. It is unlikely that such a person would warrant the year of manufacture. The most that he would do would be to state his belief, and then produce the registration book in verification of it. In these circumstances, according to Lord De nning, the intelligent bystander would say that the seller did not intend to bind himself so as to warrant that the car was a 1948 model. The most he would do would be to state his belief. What did the Court of Appeal say about the trial judge’s application of the earlier decisions in Heilbut2 and Routledge[3]to the present case? In finding in favour of the appellant, Denning LJ made reference to the case of Heilbut in which the House of Lords used the word â€Å"warranty† in its ordinary meaning of a binding promise. He stressed that, in Heilbut, Lord Moulton made it clear that â€Å"The intention of the parties can only be deduced from the totality of the evidence†¦Ã¢â‚¬  In other words, to determine whether a statement was intended as a contractual warranty, it is necessary to evaluate the overall conduct of the parties, not just their thoughts. However, the trial judge did not adopt this approach and distinguished Heilbut and Routledge on the basis that, in those cases, there was a written memorandum of the contract, before which words were used by one party inducing the other party to enter into the contract. Denning LJ stated that there was no need to distinguish between written and oral statements in the present case because the purchase was not recorded in writing at all but, instead, it was necessary to look at the overall conduct of the parties in order to ascertain intention. Hodson LJ, in accordance with Denning LJ, felt that the Routledge decision should not be distinguished from the present case because, in his opinion, the court in the Routledge case did not base its decision on the distinction between words used before the conclusion of the contract and words used at the time of the contract. He felt that this distinction was a fine point and had no bearing in the current case. Instead, Hodson LJ concurred with Denning LJ and stated that it was necessary to follow the principle in Heilbut and assess the overall conduct of the parties in order to ascertain contractual intention. Morris LJ (dissenting), on the other hand, supported the reasoning of the trial judge and felt that the judge was correct to distinguish Routledge from the current case. He specified three grounds for the distinction: (i) in the present case there was a statement made at the time of the transaction; (ii) there was no written contract; and (iii) although there was no contract, there was an invoice addressed to the appellant which expressly described the car as a â€Å"1948 Morris 10 Saloon†. He felt that the fact that the invoice specifically referred to the year 1948 was sufficient evidence that it was intended to be a contractual term. What is the significance of the respective parties’ special knowledge of the subject-matter of the contract? How has this been applied in this and subsequent cases? Another influential factor in this case was that the person making the statement (i.e. the appellant) was a non-expert when compared with the dealer who was the recipient of the statement and, presumably, an expert. According to Denning LJ, the respondents, rather than simply relying on the year stated in the log-book, could quite easily have checked it at the time of sale by taking the engine number and chassis number and writing to the manufacturers. They only did so eight months after the sale. Given that the respondents were experts, Denning LJ felt that this delay in making the check could not be excused, particularly because the innocent appellant produced to them all the evidence which he had (namely, the registration book). The appellant, as a private seller, had no special knowledge and had relied on the car’s registration book for his belief. The respondents, as experts, were in a position to discover the truth of the statement prior to contract. Hodson LJ agreed wit h this point and stated that the appellant was stating an opinion on a matter of which he had no special knowledge, whereas the respondent could have been expected to have an opinion and to exercise its judgment. This tends to support the view that the non-expert would be unlikely to be promising something which was in the other partys area of expertise, and therefore strengthens the proposition that the appellant’s statement was indeed a representation and not a contractual term. The significance of a parties â€Å"special knowledge† was considered by the Court of Appeal in the subsequent case of Dick Bentley Productions and Another v Harold Smith (Motors) Ltd.[4] In that case, a car dealer stated that a car had an engine which had done only 20,000 miles. This was in fact untrue. The buyer sought damages alleging breach of contract. However, in that instance, the statement was treated as a term of the contract. The apparent distinction between the Dick Bentley case and the Oscar Chess case is the status of the person making the statement. A private seller did not have the special knowledge which indicated an intention that the statement be treated as a contractually binding promise, but a car dealer did. This distinction led Lord Denning MR to suggest in Dick Bentley that the presence of fault was the basis for the distinction. However, it seems wrong to suggest that fault is the only test, and arguably what Lord Denning was stating was simply that the obligation broken was an obligation to exercise reasonable care and skill. The true test ought therefore to be that the dealer was in a better position to discover the truth and therefore impliedly took personal responsibility for the truth of statements made. Why did dissenting Judge Morris LJ disagree with the conclusion of the majority of the Court of Appeal? Morris LJ disagreed with the findings of Denning LJ and Hodson LJ and felt that the appellant’s statement that the car was a 1948 model was a fundamental term of the contract, i.e. a contractual condition. What persuaded Lord Morris was that the car was described in the invoice specifically as a 1948 Morris. The dealer did not get any such thing and so, according to Lord Morris, there was a breach. He arrived at this conclusion based on his assertion that the respondent’s promise to pay the appellant  £290 for the car (a figure arrived at by reference to the value of 1948 cars) was the consequence (i.e. a counterpart) of a term of the contract that the particular car was a 1948 model. Thus, Morris LJ felt that the application of the so-called ‘importance attached’ test rendered the appellant’s statement a term of the contract for sale as opposed to a mere representation. In other words, Morris LJ believed that the appellant’s statement relat ed to a vitally important matter: it described the subject-matter of the contract then being made, and directed the parties to, and was the basis of, their agreement as to the price to be paid or credited to the respondent. He made reference to the words used by Scott LJ in Couchman v Hill[5] and stated that, in his opinion, the appellant’s statement was â€Å"an item in [the] description† of what was being sold and that it constituted a substantial ingredient in the identity of the thing sold. Whereas Denning LJ felt that the trial judge was unnecessarily bogged down with the technical legal translation of â€Å"condition† and â€Å"warranty†, Morris LJ stressed that he saw no need to depart from the original verdict because he could not see that the trial judge in any way misdirected himself or misapplied any principle of law. Bibliography Cases Consulted Oscar Chess Ltd v Williams [1957] 1 ALL ER 325 (CA); Dick Bentley Productions and Another v Harold Smith (Motors) Ltd [1965] 2 All ER 65 (CA); Couchman v Hill [1947] 1 All ER 103 (KB); Heilbut, Symons Co v Buckleton [1913] AC 30 (HL); Routledge v McKay [1954] 1 All ER 855 (CA). Legislation Consulted Sale of Goods Act 1893 (22 Halsbury’s Statutes (2nd Edition) 991). Text Consulted Poole, J. – Textbook on Contract Law (6th Edition), Blackstone Press (2001), pp155-6; Poole, J. – Casebook on Contract (4th Edition), Blackstone Press (1999), pp249 and 252-4. 1 Footnotes [1] Under section 11 of the Sale of Goods Act 1893 (22 Halsbury’s Statutes (2nd Edition) 991), the plaintiffs would have been entitled to treat such a condition as a contractual warranty, breach of which would give rise to an action for damages. [2] Heilbut, Symons Co v Buckleton [1913] AC 30 (HL). [3] [1954] 1 All ER 855 (CA). [4] [1965] 2 All ER 65 (CA). [5] [1947] 1 All ER 103 (KB).

German Peoples Support of Hitler :: Exploratory Essays Research Papers

German People's Support of Hitler When you mention the name of former fuhrer of Germany Adolf Hitler, you usually are met with a reaction of disgust and terror. Memories of the holocaust and other nightmares of World War Two are brought to light and you wonder : " How could that have happened?" Well, that question cannot be answered in a few words, rather there is a complex list of ideas as to why this was allowed to happen and why people supported Hitler in the first place. The main reason is that Germany, at that point in time, needed change, and Adolf Hitler was symbolic of that needed change. Germany after World War One was a far cry from the prosperous empire that it had been before the war. The Treaty of Versailles proved to be damaging to Germany. Because of the treaty, Germany lost a lot of land and people. The agreement also required that Germany disarm herself. The new requirements were :" Germany was to have no large artillery, submarines, or military air force, and no more than 100,000 men under arms..." ( Chambers 895). Not only did these demand unemploy many men who made there living in the military, the laborers who produced goods to support this arsenal were also out of work. Six million Germans were unemployed at this time .The economy suffered more so because of heavy reparations demanded of Germany by the allies. " Germany was made liable for sums unspecified and without forseeable end and forced to accept 'responsibility' for losses from a war ' imposed ... by the aggression of Germany and her allies'" (Chambers 896). Hitler and his government made a quick solution to this situation by simply printing more paper currency, for the time being, it seemed that Hitler had made a step in bringing Germany out of the depression ( this was not to last long ). Adolf Hitler was a charismatic man, and a powerful speaker. His career as a public speaker began when he joined the German Workers' Party. It was said that he spoke with " ... a highly emotional, at times near hysterical manner...". And when Hitler spoke, people listened. In fact, after his first speech at the German Workers' Party meeting, Hitler became the star attraction, and the reason that many people attended these meetings.

Book presentation

â€Å"The Perks Of Being A Wallflower† by Stephen Cashbooks. This novel is written in letters to an anonymous person, explaining his experiences as they happen. In these letters we learn about his family and friends. The story takes place In a Pittsburgh during the years of 1991 & 1992 The Perks Of Being A Wallflower Is a truly moving story about Charlie, a freshman In high school who Is by no means popular.He Is very shy, but that all comes down to a mental Issue that occurred because of something that happened when he was younger, which you will get the sit of later on In the book. Being socially awkward and feeling he has no-one to support him, Charlie becomes friends with Patrick and , Sam, who are seniors. Charlie meets Patrick through shop class, and approaches him and his sister Sam at a high school football game. Sam and Patrick are step brother and sister.What I love about this novel is Charlie's philosophical thoughts on life. I like how he talks a lot about simple, everyday things, and all time says how he feels and that he thinks. In this book not just talking about Charlie's feelings and experiences, but as well as addressing the problems of youth. Much attention is paid not only to friends, love and parties but also to family relationships. If you read this story you will laugh, cry and keep reading on. It is not to be missed.Charlie will show you that high school can be enjoyed if you have the right friends and becoming a teenager isn't as scary as you think, even though it seems that way. This story has stayed with me for a long while and I am sure if you read it, you will remember it forever. I highly recommend this book to a wide range of people, especially for young people who do not like to read much, because The grammar is ere simple, Charlie uses understandable words, so do not translate many phrases.I'm very proud of myself that I have read the first serious book in English, and highly recommend it for you. Book presentation By Mul tilayered place in a Pittsburgh during the years of 1991 & 1992 The Perks Of Being A Wallflower is a truly moving story about Charlie, a freshman in high school who is by no means popular. He is very shy, but that all comes down to a mental issue that occurred gist of later on in the book. Being socially awkward and feeling he has no-one to book not Just talking about Charlie's feelings and experiences, but as well as

Regulatory Agency Paper Essay

The agencies that are in charge of monitoring health care facilities and practitioners are known as health care regulation agencies. These agencies also provide the organizations with information about changes in the industry. At the federal, state, and local level the agencies establish rules and regulations that health care organizations have to follow mandatorily. Some agencies, especially those that provide accreditation for health care professionals, require no mandatory participation. The objective of this paper is to examine one of those health care regulatory agencies; the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The audience will learn more about the history of the organization as well as responsibilities and effects of this agency on the health care industry. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) was created on July 1st, 1946 under the name Communicable Disease Center in Atlanta, Georgia. The whole organization occupied one floor of a small building. The f irst goal as an organization was simple; it was to prevent malaria from spreading across the nation. As a team with this goal the CDC was armed with a budget of $10 million and less than 400 employees. The founder Dr. Joseph Mountin continued to advocate for the public and its health issues, he pushed to have the CDC extend its responsibilities to other communicable diseases. Today, the CDC is one of the major operating components of the Department of Health and Human Serves and is recognized as the nation’s premiere health promotion, prevention, and preparedness agencies. (Our History – Our Story, 2013) This agency is not just focused on the disease and prevention either; their focus goes beyond that to addressing the issues, and including mental health and cancer research. Of all the organizations on all levels of government, the center for disease control is the most widespread and effective due to the amount of responsibility and information that is relayed and provided, and the  speed in which this is done. This organization runs on all levels of government, and must provide up to date factual information at all times. With the goal to educate and raise awareness of disease, death rate, precautions, and many other public health concerns there is a huge responsibility to ensure accuracy and effectiveness on all areas. The CDC is a 24 h our job; the organization is constantly working to protect Americans from health, safety and security threats both international and local. Whether disease begins at home or abroad, acute or chronic, treatable or terminal, human error or deliberate attack the CDC fights disease and supports the community and citizens to do the same. Most recently in the news there was an instance of an Ebola outbreak in West Africa. This is not a huge concern for most of us that aren’t traveling there, or don’t have family that travels back and forth, but for the Center for Disease Control this was a huge concern. This was the largest outbreak in history, and also the first on in Africa. The threat to the US is small, but the CDC being a national organization focuses on alerting us even when the threat is elsewhere and they also help provide facts and information. With this outbreak the CDC started working with other government agencies including: the World Health Organization, and other domestic and international companies to help activate the Emergency Operations Center. This is done to help coordinate technical assistance and control activities with partners. The communication between government agencies during these times is crucial to ensure supplies, shelter, medication, and assistance is provided when needed. The Center for Disease Control has ensured to deploy teams of public health experts to West Africa and will continue to send experts to the affected countries. This is evidence of the miraculous team work that begin with the CDC. Without the technology, information, and ability to coordinate countries, and public health experts, West Africa would be suffering more struggles than what this outbreak has already caused. (2014 Ebola Outbreak in West Africa, 2014) The Center for Disease Control is one of the most major operating components of the Department of Health and Human Services. The organization uses grants and contracts to fund 85% of the costs to promote health and quality of life by preventing and controlling disease, injury, and disability. Each year, the CDC awards approximately $7 billion in over 14,000 separate grant and contract actions, including simplified  acquisitions (CDC’s Procurement and Grants Office, 2013). Although this is a government organization, there are also state wide and county wide alerts, prevention, and management that are used to focus in on specific areas that may be affected when other areas are not. CDC’s Business Management and Accountability Activities are guided by the following principles: stewardship of public funds, continuously improving customer service and satisfaction, providing the best value for the investment, accountability through performance metrics, job satisfaction through workforce development, and searching for innovation in work processes (Business Practices, 2013). In order to remain affe ctive in a growing society based on technology, the Center for Disease Control has modified the business practices. An example of this is in order to have funding available for future threats, the organization has consolidated all 13 information technology infrastructure services, this in turn reduced operating costs of 21% ($23 Million) (Business Practices, 2013). Another way that the Center for Disease Control carries out the duty of helping manipulate the budget to prepare for any future threats or outbreaks is over the last two years the organization has conducted public-private sector competitions for various functions covering nearly 1,000 CDC staff positions resulting in saving over $40 Million through the development of the most efficient organizational proposals to carry out required functions. (Business Practices, 2013) The Center for Disease Control has a huge regulatory authority to health care. The responsibility to consolidate thousands of disease cases is hard enough, but the CDC must also remain anonymous in some areas to keep the patient’s health record information and personal information discrete, while also alerting the community of a possible disease spread. HIPAA, Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act, is not only followed by health care professionals, but must also be regulated with the CDC as well. H ospitals must also report to the CDC when certain cases of certain diagnoses come up, and when new threats arise as well. Together the health care professionals and the Center for Disease Control must: alert the community, respect privacy, prevent panic, and provide a solution. These goals are a huge responsibility and yet this organization has managed to provide these services steadily since 1946. The Center for Disease Control has a certification and accreditation process that ensures all information systems  made available by CDC to implement the National Program Cancer Registries, or NPCR meet or exceed the C&A accreditation standards when operated with appropriate management review. It requires ongoing security control monitoring and reaccreditations periodically or when there is a significant change to an information system or its environment. Within the accreditation process there is security certification, which when talking about the Center for Disease Control is a comprehensive evaluation of the CDC’s management, operational, and technical security controls for an information system. This documents the effectiveness of the security controls in a particular operational environment and includes recommendations for new controls to mitigate system vulnerabilities. Security certification results are used to assess risks to the system and update the systems securit y plan. (The CDC Certification†¦, 2012) In conclusion there have been facts supporting the agencies structure, and the history of how the agency became successful in the public health eye. This paper covered the organizations’ effect on health care and improvements to everyday life in multiple communities across the world, and the regulatory authority that the Center for Disease Control has in relation to health care. Although we have many agencies working together toward a common goal of better health, the Center for Disease control definitely holds a high standard of impact. With all of the regulations, accreditations, partnerships, and knowledge that the Center for Disease Control is able to manage and coordinate how did the world of health ever run without it? With these facts, and examples the role and regulation of the CDC is more clear and understood, so next time there is an outbreak in research, or in disease there will be one thing we can count on and that is that the CDC will be on the frontline ready to organize, prevent, educate, and assist in the solution. References 2014 Ebola Outbreak in West Africa. (2014, September 6). Retrieved September 8, 2014, from http://www.cdc.gov/vhf/ebola/outbreaks/guinea/ Business Practices. (2013). Retrieved September 8, 2014, from: http://www.cdc.gov/about/business/business.htm CDC’s Procurement and Grants Office. (2013). Retrieved September 8, 2014, from http://www.cdc.gov/about/business/funding.htm Our History – Our Story. (2013). Retrieved from: http://www.cdc.gov/about/history/index.html The CDC Certification and Accreditation (C&A) Process. (2012). Retrieved September 8, 2014, from http://www.cdc.gov/cancer/npcr/tools/security/cdcca.htm